Primary sources of water are surface water such as oceans, lakes and rivers and groundwater found in aquifers and aquitards. Although surface water and groundwater are connected, they are often treated as separate resources. Management of ground water requires management of surface water. Management of surface water requires management of ground water. This is because they are parts of the same hydrologic system.

To learn about groundwater and groundwater system dynamics, an understanding of the relationships between ground water and surface water environments is essential. It is also important to understand the relationships between hydrology, geology, mineralogy, chemistry, biology, agriculture as well as economic and environmental sustainability. Study of groundwater involves study of a whole environment.

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